Quadratic modeling of Al₂O₃ content during hydrochloric acid activation  of Navbahor bentonite

M.F. Radjabov; M.B. Niyozov; A.N. Akhmedov; U.R. Nishonov; O.A. Rakhmonkulova; Ch.K. Temirova; R.O. Yusupov; J.D. Sultanov; N.S. Khusanova; N.I. Boyjanov

doi:10.31643/2028/6445.38

Authors

M.F. Radjabov Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhon Beruni
M.B. Niyozov Karshi State Technical University
A.N. Akhmedov Karshi State Technical University
U.R. Nishonov Namangan State Technical University
O.A. Rakhmonkulova Karshi State University
Ch.K. Temirova University of Information Technologies and Management
R.O. Yusupov Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology
J.D. Sultanov Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology
N.S. Khusanova Fergana State Technical University
N.I. Boyjanov Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhon Beruni

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31643/2028/6445.38

Keywords:

bentonite, hydrochloric acid, aluminum oxide, adsorption, mathematical modeling, quadratic regression model.

Abstract

The present paper is concerned with mathematical modeling of the change in the Al₂O₃ content in the process of the acid activation of bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The objective of the research was to investigate the effect of the HCl concentration on the Al₂O₃ content in the bentonite and create a mathematical model that describes the relationship between these variables. To do this, bentonite samples were activated with HCl solutions of concentrations 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The acquired data were subjected to analysis by using the quadratic polynomial regression model based on the method of least squares in OriginPro 2026. The adequacy of the model was estimated using the coefficient of determination (R²), the root means square error (RMSE), and the mean absolute error (MAE). The constructed model showed a very good fit to the experimental data (R² = 0.9646, RMSE = 0.2001, and MAE = 0.1790), but the relative error between calculated and experimental values varied from 0.73% to 2.60%. Thus, the results have shown that the suggested model could be successfully applied for the preliminary assessment of Al₂O₃ content at an intermediate concentration of HCl in the range of 5-20% and for the technological calculations. The suggested quadratic polynomial regression model is a valuable mathematical tool for the optimization of the acid activation process of bentonite, for the quantitative evaluation of the changes in Al₂O₃ content, and for the indirect assessment of the sorption properties of the clay.

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Author Biographies

M.F. Radjabov, Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhon Beruni

Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of the Department of Food Technology, Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhon Beruni, 220100, Urgench, H. Olimjon Street 14, Uzbekistan. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2068-0595

M.B. Niyozov, Karshi State Technical University

Doctoral student of Karshi State Technical University, Uzbekistan. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6488-0504

A.N. Akhmedov, Karshi State Technical University

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Shahrisabz Faculty of Food Engineering, Karshi State Technical University, Khanabad Avenue, 19, Uzbekistan. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8072-7458

U.R. Nishonov, Namangan State Technical University

Lexturer at the Department of Food Technology, Namangan State Technical University, Uzbekistan. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6707-6287

O.A. Rakhmonkulova, Karshi State University

Associate Professor (PhD) at Karshi State University, Uzbekistan. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9545-7469

Ch.K. Temirova, University of Information Technologies and Management

Professor (DSc) at the University of Information Technologies and Management. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2703-0747

R.O. Yusupov, Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Nukus, Узбекистан. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-7071

J.D. Sultanov, Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology

Associate Professor of the Karakalpakstan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology, Nukus, Uzbekistan. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9619-0342

N.S. Khusanova, Fergana State Technical University

Аssistent, Fergana State Technical University, Fergana street 86, Uzbekistan. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-2087

N.I. Boyjanov, Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhon Beruni

Doctor of Philosophy in Technical Sciences, Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhon Beruni, 220100, Urgench, H. Olimjon Street 14, Uzbekistan. ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1454-9478

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