Blast Furnace Slag as an Alternative to Natural Mineral Materials in Pavement Engineering: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31643/2028/6445.32Keywords:
air-cooled blast furnace slag, ground granulated blast furnace slag, natural mineral resource substitution, aggregate enrichment, cement concrete, asphalt concrete, pavement base materials.Abstract
The presented literature review contains the results of the analysis of scientific articles for 2000-2026 years, considering the use of blast furnace slag in various areas of road construction. It has been established that there are clear differences between the application options for different types of blast furnace slag. Air-cooled blast furnace slag (ACBFS) is more often used as a coarse or fine aggregate for cement concrete and asphalt concrete, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is used as an additional binder or as a mineral/reactive filler. When using blast furnace slag in the production of concrete, the highest results in a number of studies were achieved when replacing 20-40% of the aggregate with slag, although this indicator was not a universal optimal value. In some articles, it was pointed out that the use of blast furnace slag as part of the base of a highway or for soil stabilization was associated with an increase in CBR. Some authors point to a reduction in the consumption of Portland cement when using complex binders containing granular blast furnace slag. Data on the improvement of water resistance, fatigue resistance, Marshall stability, and rutting resistance of asphalt concrete with the introduction of ACBFS and GGBFS in various proportions are also presented. Pretreatment of porous ACBFS was also important: selective crushing and related separation methods reduced water absorption, crushing value, and the proportion of weak porous particles. The main practical conclusion is that BFS should not be treated as a single interchangeable material. Its use should be selected according to slag type, particle quality, the component being replaced, and the required pavement property. Further studies should examine whether improvements achieved by slag pretreatment at the aggregate level are retained in concrete, asphalt mixtures, and pavement-base materials under long-term service conditions.
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