Overview of biodegradable polymers: synthesis, modification and application

M. Samy; L. Bekbayeva; A.M. Mohammed; G. Irmukhametova; D. Zhetpisbay; N.M. Majeed; B.B. Yermukhambetova; G.A. Mun

doi:10.31643/2025/6445.02

Authors

M. Samy National Research Centre
L. Bekbayeva Al-Faraby Kazakh National University
A.M. Mohammed University of Baghdad
G. Irmukhametova Al-Faraby Kazakh National University
D. Zhetpisbay KazNMU named S.D.Asfendiyarov
N.M. Majeed University of Baghdad
B.B. Yermukhambetova National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
G.A. Mun Al-Faraby Kazakh National University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31643/2025/6445.02

Keywords:

Biodegradable polymers, starch, biodegradable plastics, biodegradable foams.

Abstract

Biodegradable polymeric represents a growing field. Owing to their wide-ranging properties, both synthetic and natural polymeric materials perform a vital and ubiquitous role in everyday life. Amended natural polymeric materials such as starch, cellulose, lignin, chitosan, cottonseed shell (CTS), and cotton gin trash (CGT) have enhanced properties, while synthetic Biodegradable polymeric materials such as poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), biodegradable plastics, biodegradable foams. Bioplastics are a kind of polymers able to be degraded by different microorganisms to small molecules (e.g., H₂O, CO₂, and CH₄). Bioplastics are observed to solve waste materials and biodegradability is just a new material to be exploited at the end of its life in specific terms. They should be used for applications that require cheap methods to dispose of items after it has fulfilled their job (e.g., for food packaging, agriculture, or medical products).

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Author Biographies

M. Samy, National Research Centre

Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.

L. Bekbayeva, Al-Faraby Kazakh National University

National Nanotechnology Open Laboratory, Al-Faraby Kazakh National University, al-Farabi av., 050040, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.

A.M. Mohammed, University of Baghdad

Department of Chemistry, College of education for bure science (Ibn_ Alhaitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

G. Irmukhametova, Al-Faraby Kazakh National University

Department of Chemistry & Technology of Organic Materials, Polymers and Natural Compounds, Al-Faraby Kazakh National University, al-Farabi av., 050040, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.

D. Zhetpisbay, KazNMU named S.D.Asfendiyarov

Department of Biochemistry, School of General Medicine-1, KazNMU named S.D.Asfendiyarov, 480012, Tole bi, 88, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

N.M. Majeed, University of Baghdad

Department of Chemistry, College of education for bure science (Ibn_ Alhaitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

B.B. Yermukhambetova, National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan

National Engineering Academy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan.

G.A. Mun, Al-Faraby Kazakh National University

Department of Chemistry & Technology of Organic Materials, Polymers and Natural Compounds, Al-Faraby Kazakh National University, al-Farabi av., 050040, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.

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