Porosity and non-metallic inclusions in cast iron produced with a high proportion of scrap
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31643/2022/6445.42Keywords:
wear-resistant chromium cast iron, casting, non-metallic inclusions, cracking, structure.Abstract
The work is devoted to the problem of an increase in the proportion of scrap metal in castings smelted and produced from wear-resistant chromium cast irons. Castings obtained with more than 60% of armor scrap and cracked during solidification and subsequent heat treatment were selected as research objects. Castings of similar mill armor after operation characterized with different wear resistance were selected to compare the characteristics of the structure and properties. The composition, structure, amount of non-metallic inclusion and porosity of samples cut from identical places of castings were studied with the help of the methods of optical and scanning microscopy, metallographic analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and measurement of Vickers hardness. The characteristic localization of non-metallic inclusions of various types in the structure of cast iron samples was considered. An increase in the proportion of non-metallic inclusions in cast irons obtained using a high proportion of scrap was found, and it was shown that non-metallic oxide inclusions with a loose structure had the most negative effect. Along with porosity and primary crystals of carbide (CrFe)3Ctheydo not prevent the propagation of cracks caused by internal stresses arising during crystallization and subsequent polymorphic transformations in castings.
Downloads
References
Budanov IA. Rol' rynka metalloloma v reshenii resursnykhproblem metallurgii[The role of the scrap metal market in solving the resource problems of metallurgy]. Problemy prognozirovaniya = Forecasting problems. 2002;2:43-57. (in Russ).
Shmele P, Bado Kh. Proizvodstvennye moshhnosti po vyplavke chuguna v mire [Production facilities for the smelting of pig iron in the world]. Metallurgicheskoe proizvodstvo i tekhnologiya metallurgicheskikh proczessov = Metallurgical production and technology of metallurgical processes. 2008;2:22-28. (in Russ).
Safonov MS. Rol' rynka metalloloma v reshenii resursnykh problem metallurgii[The role of the scrap metal market in solving the resource problems of metallurgy]. Aktual'nye problemy aviaczii i kosmonavtiki = Actual problems of aviation and astronautics. 2017;2:406-408. (in Russ).
Soderholm P, Ekvall T. Metal markets and recycling policies: impacts and challenges.Mineral Economics. 2019;33:257-272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13563-019-00184-5
Markus AR, Ilkka VK. Challenges of Metal Recycling.Materia. 2012;2:50-57.
Czypin II. Belye iznosostojkie chuguny[Wear-resistant white cast irons]. Moscow: Metallurgy. 1983;176. (in Russ).
Garber M.E. Otlivki iz iznosostojkikh belykh chugunov[Wear-resistant white ironCastings]. Moscow: Mechanical engineering. 1972;112. (in Russ)
Czypin I.I. Belye iznosostojkie chuguny[Wear-resistant white cast irons]. Moscow:Metallurgy. 1983;256. (in Russ)
Sadovskij VM, Komarov OS, Gerczik SN. and etc all. Vliyanie soderzhaniya ugleroda i khroma na svojstva vy'sokokhromistogo chuguna[Influence of carbon and chromium content on the properties of high-chromium cast iron]. Litejnoe proizvodstvo.Foundry. 1998;5:12-13. (in Russ).
Komarov OS, Gerczik SN, Karedin SL. Vliyanie soderzhaniya C i Cr na svojstva vy 'sokokhromistogo chuguna[Influence of the C and Cr content on the properties of high-chromium cast iron]. Litejnoe proizvodstvo.Foundry. 1998;5:12-13. (in Russ).
Ri Kh, Ri EKh, Tejkh VA. and etc all. Vliyanie legiruyushhikh elementov na kristallizacziyu, strukturoobrazovanie i fiziko-mekhanicheskie svojstva belogo chuguna [Influence of alloying elements oncrystallization, structure formation and physical and mechanical properties of white cast iron]. Litejnoe proizvodstvo.Foundry. 2000;10:1517.(in Russ).
Yoganandh J, Natarjan S, Kumaresh Babu SP. Erosive Wear Behavior of Nickel-Based High Alloy White Cast Iron Under Mining Conditions Using Orthogonal Array.Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 2013;22(9):2534-2540 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-013-0539-6
Marukovich E, Ilyushenko V, Korotkin G, Duvalov P, Andrienko V, Baranouski K. The performance properties of chromium cast irons with different degree of eutectic. Litiyo i Metallurgiya [Foundry production and metallurgy]. 2019;4:50-54. https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-4-50-54 (in Russ).
Marukovich E, Iljushenko V, Pumpur V, Andrienko V. Investigation of carbon influence in cromiumium cast irons for forming castings in sand and combined molds.Litiyo i Metallurgiya [Foundry production and metallurgy]. 2018;1:41-46. https://doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-1-41-46 (in Russ).
Kolokol'czev VM, Petrochenko EV. Metallurgicheskie i metallovedcheskie aspekty povysheniya funkczional'nykh svojstv litykh izdelij iz belykh chugunov[Metallurgical and metallurgical aspects of improving the functional properties of cast products from white cast iron]. Vestnik Magnitogorskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta im. GINosova=Bulletin of the Magnitogorsk State Technical University after named GINosova. 2014;4:87-98. (in Russ).
Jain A-S, Chang H, Tang X, Hinckley B, Zhang M-X. Refinement of primary carbides in hypereutectic high-chromium cast irons: a review. Journal of Materials Science. 2021;56:999-1038. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05260-8
SiekaniecD,KopycińskiD,GuzikE,TyrałaE,NowakA.Effect of Different Inoculants on Impact Toughness in High Chromium Cast Iron.Archives of Foundry Engineering. 2017;17(1):85-88.https://doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0056
Kopyciński D, Siekaniec D, Szczęsny A, Guzik E, Nowak A. The Effect of Fe-Ti Inoculation on Solidification, Structure and Mechanical Properties of High Chromium Cast Iron. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 2017;62(4):2183-2187. https://doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0321
Guo Q, Fu H, Guo X, Xinq Z, Lin J. Microstructure and properties of modified as-cast hypereutectic high chromium cast iron. Meterial Science and Engineering Technology. 2022; 53(2):208-219. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202100183
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Complex use of mineral resources
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 Unported License.
