Effect of Chromium on Phase Formation of Intermetallic Aluminum Alloys in the Al-Fe-Si System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31643/2027/6445.25Keywords:
AlFeSi, intermetallic phases, simulation and modelling, diagrams phase transformation, microstructure.Abstract
The article explores the prospects for the development of Kazakhstan's aluminum industry, with a focus on the application of additive manufacturing technologies for the synthesis of chromium-alloyed composite aluminum alloys in the Al-Fe-Si system. A comprehensive metallographic and thermodynamic analysis of the phase composition of alloys synthesized by consumable electrode surfacing was carried out. The use of Thermo-Calc software enabled the construction of polythermal sections and the assessment of the influence of alloying element concentrations on the formation of intermetallic phases, including Al₁₃Fe₄ (θ-phase) and Al₈Fe₂Si. The optimal chromium alloying conditions were substantiated, ensuring reduced brittleness and improved mechanical properties through the formation of a fine-grained structure, stabilization of the phase composition, and removal of large primary dendrites. The obtained results confirm the potential of chromium alloying as an effective approach in developing intermetallic aluminum alloys with the desired properties. The study's results contribute to the advancement of technologies for producing aluminum alloys with enhanced performance characteristics, thereby expanding the potential for industrial applications of additive manufacturing methods.
Downloads
References
Zhang X, Wang D, Li X, Zhang H, Nagaumi H. Understanding crystal structure and morphology evolution of Fe, Mn, Cr-containing phases in Al-Si cast alloy. Intermetallics. 2021; 131:107103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2021.1071034
Kocich R. Effects of Twist Channel Angular Pressing on Structure and Properties of Bimetallic Al/Cu Clad Composites. Mater. Des. 2020; 196:109255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109255
Xia X, Chen M, Lu Y-J, Fan F, Zhu C, Huang J, Deng T, Zhu S. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Isothermal Multi-Axial Forging Formed AZ61 Mg Alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China. 2013; 23:3186–3192. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62851-4
Que Z, Fang C, Mendis CL, Wang Y, Fan Z. Effects of Si solution in θ-Al13Fe4 on phase transformation between Fe-containing intermetallic compounds in Al alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2023; 932:167587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167587
Andreyachshenko VA. Finite element simulation (FES) of the fullering in device with movable elements. Metalurgija. 2016; 55(4):829 831.
Naizabekov AB, Andreyachshenko VA, Kliber J, Kocich R. Tool for realization several plastic deformation. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials METAL; Brno, Czech Republic. 2013, 317 321.
Andreyachshenko V, et al. ECAP treated aluminium alloy AA2030: microstructure and mechanical properties. Materials & Technologies. Materiali in Tehnologije. 2019; 53(6):805 810. https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2018.250
Kunčická L, Kocich R. Effect of Activated Slip Systems on Dynamic Recrystallization during Rotary Swaging of Electroconductive Al-Cu Composites. Materials Letters. 2022; 321:10 13.
Lukáč P, Kocich R, Greger M, Padalka O, Szaraz Z. Microstructure of AZ31 and AZ61 Mg Alloys Prepared by Rolling and ECAP. Kovove Materialy. Metallic Materials. 2007; 45:115 120.
Andreyachshenko VA, Ibatov MK. Optimization of the three component Al Fe Si system composition. Metallurgical Research and Technology. 2024; 121(3):315. https://doi.org/10.1051/metal/2024035
Arbeiter J, Vončina M, Volšak D, Medved J. Evolution of Fe-based intermetallic phases during homogenization of Al–Fe hypoeutectic alloy. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2020; 142(5):1693-1699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10161-8
Kocich R, Kunčická L. Optimizing Structure and Properties of Al/Cu Laminated Conductors via Severe Shear Strain. J. Alloys Compd. 2023; 953:170124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.170124
Belov NA, Alabin AN, Matveeva IA, Eskin DG. Effect of Zr additions and annealing temperature on electrical conductivity and hardness of hot rolled Al sheets. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China. 2015; 25:2817-2826. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63907-3
Hemachandra M, Mamedipaka R, Kumar A, Thapliyal S. Investigating the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Optimized Eutectic Al Si Alloy Developed by Direct Energy Deposition. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 2024; 110:398 411.
Fang X, Li K, Ma M, Shang J, Feng X, Hou Y, Zhu Y, Huang K. Microstructure and Properties of a Novel High Performance Al Si Mg Alloy Fabricated by Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition. Materials Letters. 2024; 360:136010.
Mikolajczak P. Distribution and Morphology of α Al, Si and Fe Rich Phases in Al–Si–Fe Alloys under an Electromagnetic Field. Materials. 2023; 16:3304.
Becker H, Thum A, Distl B, Kriegel MJ, Leineweber A. Effect of melt conditioning on removal of Fe from secondary Al-Si alloys containing Mg, Mn, and Cr. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2018; 49:6375-6389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4930-7
Jiang H, Li S, Zhang L, He J, Zheng Q, Song Y, et al. The influence of rare earth element lanthanum on the microstructures and properties of as-cast 8176 (Al-0.5 Fe) aluminum alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021; 859:157804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157804
Chen Y, Xiao C, Zhu S, Li Z, Yang W, Zhao F, et al. Microstructure characterization and mechanical properties of crack-free Al-Cu-Mg-Y alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion. Additive Manufacturing. 2022; 58:103006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2022.103006
Sersour Z, Amirouche L. Effect of Alloying Additions and High Temperature T5 Treatment on the Microstructural Behavior of Al Si Based Eutectic and Hypo Eutectic Alloys. International Journal of Metals. 2022; 16:1276 1291.
Jin D, Li H, Yang C, Han Y, Zhu Z, Miao Y, Xu C, Chen B. The Effects of Mg and Si Contents on the Microstructure and Solidification Behavior of Dilute Al Mg Si Fe Alloys. JOM. 2023; 75:4845 4857.
Rajabi M, Vahidi M, Simchi A, Davami P. Effect of rapid solidification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot pressed Al–20Si–5Fe alloys. Materials Characterization. 2009; 60(11):1370 1381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2009.06.014
Zhao Q, Qian Z, Cui X, Wu Y, Liu X. Optimizing microstructures of dilute Al–Fe–Si alloys designed with enhanced electrical conductivity and tensile strength. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2015; 650:768 776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.052
Kim TS, Suryanarayana C, Chun BS. Effect of alloying elements and degassing pressure on the structure and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Al–20Si–5Fe–2X (X = Cr, Zr, or Ni) alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2000; 278(1 2):113 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921 5093(99)00589 4
Aranda VA, Figueroa IA, González G, García-Hinojosa JA, Alfonso I. Study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Fe with additions of chromium by suction casting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021; 853:157155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157155
Aranda VA, Figueroa IA, González G, García Hinojosa JA, Alfonso I. Study of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al Si Fe with Additions of Chromium by Suction Casting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021; 853:157155.
Pang N, Shi Z, Wang C, Li N, Lin Y. Influence of Cr, Mn, Co and Ni Addition on Crystallization Behavior of Al13Fe4 Phase in Al-5Fe Alloys Based on ThermoDynamic Calculations. Materials. 2021; 14(4):768. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040768
Kakitani R, et al. The roles of solidification cooling rate and (Mn, Cr) alloying elements in the modification of β-AlFeSi and hardness evolvements in near-eutectic Al-Si alloys. Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems. 2023; 1:100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalmes.2023.100005
Kumar PSSR, et al. The Influence of Shock Wave Surface Treatment on Vibration Behavior of Semi Solid State Cast Aluminum—Al2SiO5 Composite Crystals. [Open Source Preview] 2022; 12(11):1587 1594.
Tsaknopoulos K, Walde C, Tsaknopoulos D, Cote DL. Evolution of Fe-Rich Phases in Thermally Processed Aluminum 6061 Powders for AM Applications. Materials. 2022; 15(17):5853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175853
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 V.A. Andreyachshenko, A.R. Toleuova

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.



















