Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex use of mineral resources

Features of extraction of neodymium ions by interpolymer systems based on salt forms of industrial ionites

T.K. Jumadilov — 2024-11-13

This research aimed to study the effect of remote interaction and mutual activation between salt forms of AB-17-8(Cl^-) and KU-2-8(Na⁺) ion exchange resins on the sorption of neodymium ions. The concentration of neodymium ions was determined using a spectrophotometer based on the interaction with the colored arsenazo (III) reagent. The degree of extraction of neodymium ions during sorption and the degree of extraction of this metal during desorption from the polymer matrix was calculated. The influence of the choice of sorption mode on the efficiency of neodymium extraction is studied: dynamic (with mixing of the solution from which the metal was extracted) and static (without mixing). Based on the obtained dynamics of processes, it is established that when mixing the solution (the range of mixing speed is 40-80 rpm) the equilibrium between sorption and desorption of the metal is established after 6 hours of interaction. Also, in the dynamic mode, the target metal was sorbed much better than in the static mode, affecting the amount of metal ions obtained during desorption. It was found that the maximum degree of neodymium ion sorption in the interpolymer system is observed at a 5:1 hydrogel ratio and 48 hours of remote interaction without mixing. It is 42.8 mg/l of the residual concentration. In the dynamic mode, the maximum sorption is observed for the initial cationite, with a residual concentration of 8.28 mg/l. When calculated per 1 mol of cationite, the effect of mutual activation of hydrogels is visible, which is proved by the tendency to increase the degree of neodymium sorption from the ratio of 6:0 (the initial cationite) to 1:5. A significant increase in the sorption of neodymium ions is observed in various molar ratios of ionites. These results indicate the appearance of ionized structures that form conformations that provide optimal conditions for the sorption of neodymium ions from an aqueous solution of its salt, which can serve practical purposes for its selective extraction from industrial mixtures. The necessity of metal extraction by hydrogels in dynamic mode is established for faster operation of industrial plants and more complete metal binding by polymer matrices.

Isothermal laminar flow of non-newtonian fluid with yield stress in a pipe

T. Bekibayev — 2024-12-04

This paper considers the development of an isothermal laminar flow of viscoplastic fluid with yield stress in a pipe. A characteristic feature of such a flow is the formation of a non-deformable region in which the fluid behaves like a solid. This phenomenon significantly complicates the numerical solution of the equations of viscoplastic fluid flow, since traditional methods cannot adequately describe the behavior of the fluid in this region. The novelty of this work resides in the application of the effective molecular viscosity methodology and the Bingham-Papanastasiou model, which made it possible to perform an end-to-end calculation of the isothermal flow taking into account the non-deformable region. In the course of the calculations, the velocity and pressure distributions were derived for Reynolds numbers from 71.2 to 740.8 and Bingham numbers in the range from 1.225 to 17.01. An increase in the Reynolds number to Re = 740.8 and a decrease in the Bingham number to Bn = 1.225 lead to a reduction in the region with maximum velocities and a change in the input axial velocity distribution. The radial profiles of the axial velocity remain the same in all cross-sections from z/R = 10 to z/R = 40, which indicates the establishment of a steady-state flow regime of viscoplastic fluid, in which a constant velocity core is formed in the cross-section of the pipe.

Study of the effect of variation of thermal annealing conditions on the structural ordering and phase formation processes in ZrO₂ – Al₂O₃ ceramicss

D.B. Borgekov — 2024-12-04

Interest in composite refractory ZrO₂– Al₂O₃ ceramics is due to the great prospects for their use in extreme conditions (radiation exposure, thermal cycling, exposure to aggressive environments) due to the high resistance to external influences of these ceramics. Moreover, the features of high resistance to external influences for this type of ceramics are due to their structural features and phase composition, which are controlled by the synthesis method and its conditions. This paper presents the results of studying the influence of variations in the annealing temperature of ZrO₂– Al₂O₃ ceramics obtained by solid-phase synthesis, as well as establishing the effect of variations in the phase composition on strengthening and resistance to thermal cycling. In the course of the research, using the X-ray phase analysis method, it was found that at temperatures above 1200 °C, the formation of an impurity substitution phase of the AlZrO₂ type is observed, the formation of which leads to strengthening and increased resistance to external influences. For ZrO₂– Al₂O₃ ceramic samples, in which the AlZrO₂ phase content was about 15-20 % (samples obtained at annealing temperatures of 1400 – 1500 °C), the change in strength characteristics after 5 successive cycles was less than 3 %, which is more than 9 times lower than the similar change for two-phase samples obtained at an annealing temperature of 1000 °C.

Operational properties of cement-free concrete with porous aggregate

О.А. Miryuk — 2024-12-05

The article presents the results of technology development and research on the operational properties of porous aggregate and cement-free concretes based on it. The purpose of the work is to study lightweight concretes containing a liquid–glass porous aggregate for resistance to various aggressive influences. The porous granular aggregate was obtained by firing a mixture of liquid glass with the ash of thermal power plants and an ash aluminosilicate microsphere. Binders based on caustic magnesite and liquid glass with the addition of thermal energy waste were used to produce coarse-pored concretes. The choice of cement-free binders is due to the high adhesion to the filler. The behavior of the developed concretes in various aggressive environments, under the influence of low and elevated temperatures, has been studied. The resistance of magnesia concrete to the effects of water and salt solutions has been revealed. The technological and operational advantages of liquid-glazed concrete are shown, featuring increased thermal insulation ability, satisfactory resistance to aggressive media and resistance to low and high-temperature fluctuations. The developed concretes can be used in the enclosing structures of objects for various purposes.

Lightweight structural thermal insulation concrete using TPP ash

M. Zhuginissov — 2024-12-13

The article presents the results of developing lightweight structural concretes based on ash-slag waste from the Almaty Thermal Power Plant-2. The ash-slag aggregates were produced using both firing and non-firing (clinker) technologies. The fired aggregates, obtained with the use of bentonite clay, exhibited a bulk density of 530–640 kg/m³ and a strength of 1.8–4.8 MPa. The non-fired aggregates based on Portland cement had a density of 644–690 kg/m³ and a strength of 1.79–2.98 MPa, while those based on liquid glass showed a density of 562–642 kg/m³ and a strength of 1.93–3.8 MPa. Using the obtained aggregates, lightweight concretes with a density of 1210–1750 kg/m³ and a strength of 100–152 kg/cm² were produced, meeting the requirements of GOST 25820-2014. In the compositions without coarse aggregate, the influence of additives such as CaCl₂, superplasticizers, and basalt fibers on the properties of ash concrete was studied. The strength of the concrete after 28 days exceeded the 7-day strength by 1.5–2.3 times, with the most significant effect observed from CaCl₂. Ash concrete of classes B10–B12 with a density of 1500–1600 kg/m³ was obtained, which according to GOST can be classified as structural-thermal insulating concrete. The objective of the research is to develop compositions of lightweight structural concrete based on ash-slag waste. The novelty of the work: for the first time, ash-slag aggregates based on the ash-slag from Almaty Thermal Power Plant-2 have been obtained using both firing and non-firing technologies.

Transformation of mining and metallurgical waste into functional materials: overview of technologies and applications

A.S. Beisebayeva — 2024-12-17

The article provides an overview of modern methods of processing mining and metallurgical waste to obtain functional materials such as silicon, rare earth metals, nanoporous silica and other valuable components. The technologies of processing and purification, including hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes, as well as their applicability to various types of waste generated in the mining and metallurgical complex are considered. Special attention is paid to the environmental aspects and economic efficiency of waste recycling, as well as the possibilities of implementing waste-free processes that reduce environmental pollution. Examples of successful implementation of innovative technologies are given and prospects for the use of recycled materials in various industries are described. The authors emphasize the importance of implementing waste-free processes to reduce environmental pollution. The article also discusses methods for the extraction and processing of silicon and silica, which can significantly improve the properties of the final products. Innovative technologies for processing waste from mining and metallurgical production contribute not only to reducing the volume of waste but also to the creation of new economically profitable materials. The study aims to draw attention to the importance of waste recycling and demonstrates the potential of their use as valuable raw materials, which contributes to sustainable development and efficient use of natural resources. The authors also discuss the prospects for further development of recycling technologies, including the development of new methods and optimization of existing processes, which will increase efficiency and reduce waste recycling costs.

Technology for processing balanced feed charge based on copper-, lead-containing products

N.K. Dosmukhamedov — 2024-12-17

The study examined the behavior of copper, lead, zinc, and arsenic during the reductive-oxidative processing of a balanced charge under scaled-up technology conditions. The optimal parameters for ensuring high comprehensive recovery of metals into targeted products were identified: lead into rough lead, copper into matte, and zinc into slag. The feasibility of conducting reductive-oxidative smelting of a balanced charge was demonstrated. Optimal technology parameters were established: gas blowing time with natural gas – 20 minutes; with oxygen – 20 minutes; methane consumption – 1.7 times higher than that from the stoichiometric requirement for the reduction of lead compounds; oxygen consumption – 1.4 times higher than that from the stoichiometric requirement for the oxidation of zinc and iron sulfides; temperature – 1523 K. High rates of comprehensive selective recovery of metals into targeted products were achieved: lead into rough lead – 97.6%; copper into matte – 98.6%; zinc into slag – 56.8%, into matte – 1.7%, into dust and gases – 41.5%; arsenic and antimony into dust – up to 97.4% and 90%, respectively. A balanced charge processing technology has been developed for processing substandard intermediates of copper and lead production.

Views on drilling effectiveness and sampling estimation for solid ore minerals

M. Rabatuly — 2024-11-06

As a result of well drilling, a geological sample recovery was taken as a cylindrical rock sample. This rock sample core would be used for further study of the conditions of occurrence of ore minerals. The great practical importance of supplying reliability and representativeness of geological surveys is the assessment of drilling quality and effectiveness. We were attempting to study the core recovery measuring ways for efficiency estimating of drilling for solid minerals, which will be submitted in this article. Also analyzed existing methods, their advantages and disadvantages. The RQD (Rock Quality Designation) measuring method we suggest as criteria is the best way of unbiased effectiveness assessment. It is necessary to closely research the lithological section finished by drilling wells, and the geological, technical and hydrogeological conditions of the explored fields to solve economic efficiency at the down-the-hole cleaning method. In-depth study methodology of the main elements of the “diamond bit-rock” pair and the conditions of the normal drilling process can be the basis for successful implementation of geological tasks by drilling personnel. Currently uses three main methods of core recovery measuring (linear, volume, weight). However, they did not consider coefficients of fragmentation, fracturing and loosening and that is why the RQD method has a clear advantage over the traditionally used methods. The RQD method has already been successfully introduced to the geological exploration sites of the Ministry of Mining Industry and Geology of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Forecasting the involvement of residual reserves in the development of a late-stage field

G.Zh. Moldabayeva — 2024-11-06

In the current context of the energy industry, effective management of residual reserves of fields at late stages of development is becoming a matter of critical importance. Residual oil reserves play a key role not only in ensuring energy security but also in the formation of economic sustainability of regions and countries. One of the main aspects of residual reserves management is forecasting their involvement in development at the later stages of the field life cycle. The presence of old fields, for which the construction of a GHDM is inappropriate, determines the use of various analytical and mathematical models in the analysis and design of development. The variety of such models is great, which allows them to be applied to various fields and at various stages of development. Of the many numerical models, we can highlight those that are distinguished by: ease of use; absence of complex physical and technological formulas; wide applicability for various categories of deposits; as well as the absence of the need for a detailed study of the geological and physical characteristics of the deposit. In our case, we are talking about displacement characteristics (hereinafter referred to as DC), which are a powerful data analysis tool that makes it possible to identify patterns and trends in changes in residual reserves. The use of statistical models allows us not only to assess the current state of residual reserves but also to predict their behavior in the future, which is a key element of effective production management.