Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra = Complex use of mineral resources

Enlarged tests on the processing of copper-lead mattes obtained after reductive smelting of balanced feed charge

N.K. Dosmukhamedov — 2025-03-04

The paper examines the behavior of copper, lead, zinc and arsenic during the oxidative blowing of intermediate copper-lead matte, which represents the second stage of the general technology for processing balanced raw materials for copper and lead production. The optimal parameters for the oxidative blowing of intermediate matte have been established: the time of blowing the melt with oxygen is 20 min; the oxygen consumption is 1.4 times higher than its consumption from the stoichiometrically required amount for the oxidation of zinc and iron sulfide; the temperature is 1250 °C. High indicators have been achieved for the complex selective extraction of metals into targeted products: lead into rough lead – 97.6%; copper into matte – 98.6%; zinc into slag – 56.8%, into matte – 1.7, into dust and gases – 41.5; arsenic and antimony into dust – up to 97.4% and 90%, respectively. A general process flowsheet has been developed for separate processing of balanced charges consisting of intermediate products of copper and lead production. The technology can be used for separate processing of multi-component raw materials of copper smelters and lead production of various types and compositions.

Study of the dispersing properties of microemulsion mercaptan-containing collectors based on oil products

B.K. Kenzhaliyev — 2025-03-06

The article discusses the production of flotation reagents based on domestic sulfur-containing oil products using the ultrasonic cavitation method. Particular attention is paid to the selection of oil products based on the analysis of their qualitative and quantitative composition. Mercaptans (thioalcohols) are known to be the most effective sulfhydryl collectors. This study utilizes sulfur-containing oil products with the same sulfur content but differing in the form of sulfur presence in the starting materials: refined oil, mercaptan-containing product, and an intermediate product obtained during oil demercaptanization. Compositions were developed using these oil products and butyl xanthate. During ultrasonic cavitation, the dependence of emulsion stability over time on ultrasonic power and component ratios was determined. Optimal conditions for ultrasonic cavitation and the appropriate proportions of components in the compositions were established. Despite having the same sulfur content, it was found that only sulfur-containing products with specific structural characteristics are suitable for flotation reagent production. Additionally, ultrasonic cavitation's role in modifying the compositions' properties was identified, significantly influencing their efficiency as collectors.

Lithium extraction methods and its application prospects: a review

A.A. Yersaiynova — 2025-03-14

Lithium is the most important raw material for the production of modern electronics and electric vehicles. Today, it is impossible to imagine any mobile device without lithium batteries. The role of lithium in the global economy is only growing. The production of electric vehicles and batteries contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Nevertheless, end-of-life lithium-ion batteries pose a danger to the ecosystem. The article presents technological developments in the field of lithium extraction. The main sources of lithium are pegmatites, continental and geothermal brines, as well as clays, seawater and industrial brines. The main commercial lithium product is lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃), which is obtained mainly from the mining, extraction and processing of spodumene ores and saltlake, oilfield brines. The effective role of lithium in addressing important issues such as pollution, climate change and the increasing depletion of natural resources used to produce lithium-ion batteries for these electric vehicles is also discussed.

Development of a technology for the production of aluminum castings using 3d printing of models and lost-was casting

Y.S. Merkibayev — 2025-03-20

Industrial development of the Republic of Kazakhstan requires accelerated formation of industries with high added value, capable of meeting domestic needs and increasing export potential. Despite the potential for innovative development, additive technologies for the production of metal products have limited application in traditional mechanical engineering industries due to the high cost of equipment (for example, 3D printers for metals) and, as a consequence, the high cost of production. This factor limits their use in serial production. Thus, the development and implementation of new casting technologies based on the integration of modern scientific achievements and advanced technical solutions is an important task for ensuring sustainable growth of high-tech and competitive industries in Kazakhstan. Development and implementation of technology for the production of aluminum castings of complex shapes using 3D printing of models and investment casting, which will reduce production costs, shorten manufacturing time and improve product quality for strategically important industries. The study used comparative analysis methods and experimental studies aimed at studying the mechanical properties of products manufactured using various technologies, as well as optimizing 3D printing parameters to achieve better product characteristics. The results showed that additive technologies provide high accuracy, allow you to create complex geometric shapes and reduce waste. However, to improve the mechanical properties of products, such as strength and wear resistance, it is necessary to optimize the extrusion parameters during 3D printing. The findings of the study confirm that the choice of technology depends on the specific conditions and requirements for the product. Additive technologies, despite the existing advantages, require further research to improve the properties of final products. The practical significance of the work is that the results of the study can help manufacturers choose the most efficient and cost-effective production methods, which in turn will lead to reduced costs and improved product quality, as well as improved environmental performance.

Potash Ore Processing: Technology Research and Physicochemical Properties

D. Urazkeldiyeva — 2025-01-30

The Republic of Kazakhstan is endowed with a distinctive endowment of potash ores, concentrated in the West Kazakhstan and Aktobe regions. These reserves are regarded as one of the largest in the world. The proven reserves are estimated at approximately 6 billion tons and are distributed across four major deposits: These are the Zhilyanskoye, Satimola, Inderskoye and Chelkar deposits. The article provides a concise overview of the major potassium salt deposits and the chemical composition of the associated minerals. Notwithstanding the existence of these deposits, the production of potash salts in the country, for which there is an ever-increasing demand, is yet to be established, resulting in a high level of demand. In light of this, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the mineralogical and chemical composition of these promising potash ores, with a view to identifying viable methods for processing natural salt systems into products that meet the high demand both within the domestic fertiliser and salt market and abroad. The Satimola deposit represents one of the largest silvinite basins yet to be sufficiently studied, and its industrial development has yet to commence.

The analysis of raw materials and products was conducted using a combination of spectral microscopy, X-ray analysis, and differential thermal analysis.

A comprehensive study of the composition of the silvinite ore from the Satimola deposit has been conducted. The elemental composition and the ratio of potassium and sodium salts in the mineral were established. The ore was found to have a heterogeneous composition, with sodium chloride representing the dominant component.

Structure of turbulent non-isothermal flow in a pipe with a sudden expansion

U.K. Zhapbasbayev — 2025-02-05

The article studies a mathematical model of turbulent non-isothermal flow of non-Newtonian fluid. At the inlet, the fluid is Newtonian and, due to a decrease in temperature, it becomes non-Newtonian due to increased viscosity and yield strength. The system of turbulent motion and heat transfer equations is solved by the numerical control volume method in variables of the velocity and pressure components. The calculations yielded average and pulsation characteristics of the non-isothermal motion of non-Newtonian fluid in a pipe with sudden expansion. The calculations show a sharp reduction in the structure of the recirculation zone and a decrease in its parameters with an increase in the Bingham number Bn. In this zone, the maximum negative value of the average velocity, equal to‒Umax/Um1 ≈ 0.2 for a Newtonian fluid, decreases to ‒Umax/Um1 ≈ 0.1 at the Bingham number Bn = 17. A decrease in the turbulent characteristics of the non-Newtonian fluid flow is also observed with an increase in the Bingham number. Heat exchange characteristics in the flow region of turbulent non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluids are qualitatively similar. The location of the flow attachment and maximum heat exchange of non-Newtonian fluid does not exceed 10%. The length of the recirculation zone of viscoplastic fluid is shorter by up to 66% compared to Newtonian fluid.

Using ion modification methods for targeted change of strength properties of near-surface layers of composite ceramics

D.B. Borgekov — 2025-02-10

The use of ionic modification methods is one of the promising methods of directed change of strength properties of near-surface layers of materials along with such methods as magnetron sputtering and mechanically induced deformation. Interest in this area of research is primarily due to the possibility of enhanced resistance of materials to external mechanical and thermal influences, as well as improved wear resistance of refractory ceramics, which have great prospects in industrial use and metallurgy and reactor building. This paper presents the assessment results of the possibility of using the ion modification method by irradiating the near-surface layer of ZrO₂ – Al₂O₃ ceramics with low-energy Kr¹⁵⁺ and Xe²²⁺ ions with energies of 300 and 440 keV to create a radiation-modified layer in the surface layer that is highly resistant to external influences. During the studies, it was found that irradiation with fluences of 10¹⁴ - 5×10¹⁴ ion/cm² for Xe²²⁺ ions and 10¹⁵ ion/cm² for Kr¹⁵⁺ ions are optimal conditions for modifying the surface layer, as a result of which growth in wear resistance by 2.0 – 2.5 times and hardening by more than 15 – 20 % is observed compared to non-irradiated ceramics.

Epoxy coatings for anticorrosion applications: a review

L. Bekbayeva — 2025-02-12

Epoxy resins are among the most commonly used materials for anticorrosion applications due to their excellent adhesion, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance. However, conventional epoxy coatings face significant limitations in providing durable, long-term protection, especially under harsh environmental conditions. As a result, extensive research has been conducted worldwide to enhance the anticorrosion performance of epoxy coatings. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the field, categorizing current developments into three primary approaches: modification of the epoxy resin structure, incorporation of functional fillers, and the development of multifunctional composite coatings. Structural modifications focus on improving the intrinsic properties of epoxy resins to enhance their barrier effect. The inclusion of functional fillers introduces additional protective mechanisms, including self-healing, superhydrophobicity and corrosion inhibition. Multifunctional composite coatings combine the benefits of several approaches, integrating advanced materials and techniques to achieve high performance. By analyzing recent studies and innovations, this review highlights the strengths of each approach, providing insights into future directions for developing high-performance epoxy-based anti-corrosion coatings.

Influence of Radiation and Magnetic Pulse Treatment on The Wear Resistance of Carbide Tools

J.B. Toshov — 2025-02-17

In the mining industry, hard alloy tools with high wear resistance are essential for drilling operations. This study introduces a combined magnetic-pulse treatment method, integrating preliminary gamma irradiation and pulsed magnetic field exposure, to extend the service life of VK8 hard alloy drilling tools. Gamma irradiation utilized ⁶⁰Co sources with doses from 3.2×10⁴ to 5.0×10⁸ R, followed by magnetic-pulse treatment using a custom installation with electromagnetic coils, achieving magnetic induction levels of 0.2–0.4 Tesla and pulse durations of 3 µs. The VK8 alloy, comprising 8% cobalt and 92% tungsten carbide, was tested on DZL Ø118 mm blade bits across ten batches. Results showed a 1.7–3.2-fold increase in wear resistance, influenced by treatment parameters, alloy composition, and operating conditions. The hardening effect persisted for 5–6 months after gamma irradiation and over a year after magnetic-pulse treatment. This method offers significant potential to enhance tool performance and durability in rock-destroying equipment.

Land Suitability for Wind Farm Development in Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia

F.R.Z. Suci — 2025-02-18

The use of wind as the main energy in power plants cannot be separated from the ability of windmills to produce energy to meet needs. Based on a literature study, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources 2018 released data related to the total potential of wind power in Banten Province of 300 MW spread across two areas, namely Lebak Regency and Pandeglang Regency with the potential in each area of 150 MW, thus it is necessary to conduct a spatial study related to the appropriate location for the construction of a new wind farm. Topographic factors (elevation, viewshed, slope, aspect direction, and area), technical (wind speed and power grid proximity), environmental (distance from lakes, rivers, reservoirs, dams, and land cover), and socioeconomic (settlement and transportation) are parameters that determine the success and potential of placing windmills as environmentally friendly renewable energy. This study aimed to determine the potential for wind farm development areas in Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. The method used to analyze these parameters is the Multi-Weighted Criteria Modeler, by giving weight to each parameter in raster format and classified using the deterministic logic method and selecting areas with a large area coverage (≥ 10,000 m²) using boolean. The results of this study indicate that there is an area of 350.71 km² that is suitable for the construction of a new wind farm in Pandeglang Regency. The final suitability map can be used as a guide for more detailed wind farm location exploration. This study concludes that Indonesia has great potential for the development of Wind Power Plants, especially in Pandeglang Regency. However, a wider research area coverage is needed to find out which areas have the potential for the development of Wind Power Plants in Indonesia.

Monitoring of the earth's surface and mining facilities by radar interferometry

A.A. Altayeva — 2025-02-24

Safe and efficient development of mineral deposits by underground method, occurring at great depths, is complicated by the fact that with an increase in the depth of mining, the nature of the course of deformation processes in the rock mass and the degree of their impact on the environment change significantly. Studies of deformation processes, their control and forecast in many cases determine the efficiency and safety of the development of deposits of solid minerals. A practical forecast can be made as a result of continuous tracking in space and time of deformation processes. This article presents modern satellite radars and their main characteristics. The features of the radar interferometry method are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of interferometric processing of radar images are considered. The experience of using space radar for monitoring mineral deposits in the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed. The question was raised about the possibility of intensifying the use of radar interferometry in the mining industry. Regular field observations are provided throughout the mining site, including hard-to-reach and dangerous areas, regardless of weather conditions. It is confirmed that the use of the radar interferometry method determines the displacement of the earth's surface with high accuracy. When using this method, data is received and processed remotely and generally does not require presence on the site. In addition, this article provides examples of successful application of the radar interferometry method in foreign countries at mining and oil facilities. Also, the use of radar interferometry allows you to quickly determine the zones of possible deformations of the earth's surface and organize high-precision surveying and geodetic observations in these zones. In this article, radar interferometry has been used to monitor the surface movement of the Annensky field with high accuracy since 2016 using Sentinel radar images, and as a result, a displacement map of the earth's surface has been generated.